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Table of Contents | Background
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Spatially Integrated Social Science: Chapter 8
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Spatial
(Dis)Advantage and Homicide in Chicago Neighborhoods
Robert J. Sampson and
Jeffrey D. Morenoff
Abstract
This study links police records, vital
statistics, census data, and an original survey of 8,872 Chicago
residents to assess the spatial interdependence of neighborhood-level
homicide rates. Structural characteristics in 1990 and survey
measures from 1995 are used to model variations in the event
rate of homicide for 1996-1998 across 343 neighborhoods. Spatial
proximity to homicide risk is strongly and positively related
to variations in homicide rates, adjusting for internal structural
characteristics, social processes, and even prior homicide.
Concentrated disadvantage, along with low levels of social
control and cohesion, predict higher rates of homicide. In
addition to the extreme inequality of neighborhood resources,
both economic and social in nature, spatial dynamics are therefore
consequential for explaining urban violence.
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